Selasa, 24 Juli 2012

How Should Science be Done?

Lately I keep running into the idea that the proper way to do science is to continually strive to disprove a hypothesis, rather than support it*. According to these writers, this is what scientists are supposed to aspire to, but I've never actually heard a scientist say this. The latest example was recently published in the Wall Street Journal (1). This evokes an image of the Super Scientist, one who is so skeptical that he never believes his own ideas and is constantly trying to tear them down. I'm no philosopher of science, but this idea never sat well with me, and it's contrary to how science is practiced.
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Minggu, 22 Juli 2012

New Review Paper by Yours Truly: High-Fat Dairy, Obesity, Metabolic Health and Cardiovascular Disease

My colleagues Drs. Mario Kratz, Ton Baars, and I just published a paper in the European Journal of Nutrition titled "The Relationship Between High-Fat Dairy Consumption and Obesity, Cardiovascular, and Metabolic Disease". Mario is a nutrition researcher at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center here in Seattle, and friend of mine. He's doing some very interesting research on nutrition and health (with an interest in ancestral diets), and I'm confident that we'll be getting some major insights from his research group in the near future. Mario specializes in tightly controlled human feeding trials. Ton is an agricultural scientist at the University of Kassel in Germany, who specializes in the effect of animal husbandry practices (e.g., grass vs. grain feeding) on the nutritional composition of dairy. None of us have any connection to the dairy industry or any other conflicts of interest.

The paper is organized into three sections:
  1. A comprehensive review of the observational studies that have examined the relationship between high-fat dairy and/or dairy fat consumption and obesity, metabolic health, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
  2. A discussion of the possible mechanisms that could underlie the observational findings.
  3. Differences between pasture-fed and conventional dairy, and the potential health implications of these differences.

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Sabtu, 21 Juli 2012

Thunderbird 15.0 Beta 1

Thunderbird is a great email client from the same people who brought you the Firefox browser.
Thunderbird gives you IMAP/POP support, a built-in RSS reader, support for HTML mail, powerful quick search, saved search folders, advanced message filtering, message grouping, labels, return receipts, smart address book LDAP address completion, import tools, and the ability to manage multiple e-mail and newsgroup accounts.
Title:Thunderbird 15.0 Beta 1
Filename:Thunderbird Setup 15.0b1.exe
File size:17.60MB (18,453,080 bytes)
Requirements:Windows XP / 2003 / Vista / Windows7 / XP64 / Vista64 / Windows7 64
Languages:en-US
License:Open Source
Date added:July 19, 2012
Author:Mozilla Organization
www.mozilla.org
www.mozilla.com/thunderbird/
Homepage:www.mozilla.com/thunderbird/
MD5 Checksum:E53DA73FE429722ED0E39BB1A7D4EA30     

SOWNLOAD

Kamis, 19 Juli 2012

What Causes Type 2 Diabetes, and How Can it be Prevented?

In the comments of the last post, we've been discussing the relationship between body fatness and diabetes risk. I think this is really worth understanding, because type 2 diabetes is one of the few lifestyle disorders where 1) the basic causes are fairly well understood, and 2) we have effective diet/lifestyle prevention strategies that have been clearly supported by multiple controlled trials.

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Sabtu, 14 Juli 2012

Free D ownload Total Commander 8.01 RC4

Total Commander is a file manager for Windows similar to well-known DOS file manager.
Total Commander can handle archives as if they were subdirectories. It also has an internal ZIP-compatible packer. The search function allows you to search for files inside archives, even for text.
  • Two file windows side by side
  • Multiple language support
  • Enhanced search function
  • Compare files (now with editor) / synchronize directories
  • Quick View panel with bitmap display
  • ZIP, ARJ, LZH, RAR, UC2, TAR, GZ, CAB, ACE archive handling + plugins
  • Built-in FTP client with FXP (server to server) and HTTP proxy support
  • Parallel port link, multi-rename tool
  • Tabbed interface, regular expressions, history+favorites buttons
  • Thumbnails view, custom columns, enhanced search
  • Title:Total Commander 8.01 RC4
    Filename:tcm801_rc4.exe
    File size:3.29MB (3,450,376 bytes)
    Requirements:Windows (All Versions)
    Languages:Multiple languages
    License:Shareware
    Date added:July 14, 2012
    Author:Christian Ghisler
    www.ghisler.com
    MD5 Checksum:5A4BB7ACA6AF2562A81245DDA2E58761
    Compare editor, cursor in lister, separate trees, logging, enhanced overwrite dialog, and more

    Download
    Latest Version

    3.29MB

Defraggler 2.10.424

Most defrag tools only allow you to defrag an entire drive. Defraggler lets you specify one or more files, folders, or the whole drive to defragment.
When Defraggler reads or writes a file, it uses the exact same techniques that Windows uses. Using Defraggler is just as safe for your files as using Windows.
At a glance, you can see how fragmented your hard drive is. Defraggler's drive map shows you blocks that are empty, not fragmented, or needing defragmentation.
  • Give your hard drive a quick touch-up with Quick Defrag
  • Organizes empty disk space to further prevent fragmentation
  • Defragment while you sleep - and wake up with a faster PC. Set Defraggler to run daily, weekly or monthly
  • Full Windows OS and Multi-lingual support
  • Boot time defrag of system files
  • Supports 37 major languages
Defraggler is made by Piriform, the company that also brought you CCleaner and Recuva, so is c
Title:Defraggler 2.10.424
Filename:dfsetup210.exe
File size:3.43MB (3,594,744 bytes)
Requirements:Windows XP / 2003 / Vista / Windows7 / XP64 / Vista64 / Windows7 64
Languages:Multiple languages
License:Freeware
Date added:June 13, 2012
Author:Piriform
www.piriform.com
www.piriform.com/defraggler
Homepage:www.piriform.com/defraggler
MD5 Checksum:5FD66F7919BADEDC97A2E4EBD4F89C1

ompletely free!

Download
Latest Version

3.43MB

Free Download PowerArchiver 13.00 RC2

PowerArchiver offers hundreds of features, yet remains easy to use, small and fast. Novice users will find a familiar interface complete with tutorial and detailed help, while more experienced users can take advantage of full Explorer integration, multiple encryption methods and advanced compression algorithms.
Here is a brief list of some of the key features found in PowerArchiver:
  • Preview Window
  • Full Windows Vista Support
  • Superior ZIP Support
  • 7-Zip Compression
  • Multiple Formats Support Including ISO
  • New Queue System (Add/Extract/Backup) and PowerArchiver Starter
  • Unmatched Security
  • Automated Backups
  • Guaranteed Compatibility and Explorer Integration
  • Compression Profiles
  • Useful Tools

    Title:PowerArchiver 13.00 RC2
    Filename:powarc1300rc2.exe
    File size:10.35MB (10,855,432 bytes)
    Requirements:Windows (All Versions)
    Languages:Multiple languages
    License:Shareware
    Date added:July 13, 2012
    Author:ConeXware Inc
    www.powerarchiver.com
    www.powerarchiver.com
    MD5 Checksum:D449C5CF010FE921EF62B79C5827D4AA

    Download
    Latest Version

    10.35MB

Recuva 1.43.623

Recuva (pronounced "recover") is a freeware Windows utility to restore files that have been accidentally deleted from your computer. This includes files emptied from the Recycle bin as well as images and other files that have been deleted by user error from digital camera memory cards or MP3 players. It will even bring back files that have been deleted from your iPod, or by bugs, crashes and viruses!
  • Simple to use interface - just click 'Scan' and choose the files you want to recover
  • Easy to use filter for results based on file name/type
  • Simple Windows like interface with List and Tree view
  • Can be run from a USB thumb drive
  • Restores all types of files, office documents, images, video, music, email, anything.
  • Supports FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, exFAT, NTFS, NTFS5 , NTFS + EFS file systems
  • Restores files from removable media (SmartMedia, Secure Digital, MemoryStick, Digital cameras, Floppy disks, Jaz Disks, Sony Memory Sticks, Compact Flash cards, Smart Media Cards, Secure Digital Cards, etc.)
  • Restores files from external ZIP drives , Firewire and USB Hard drives
  • It's fast, tiny and takes seconds to run!


    Title:Recuva 1.43.623
    Filename:rcsetup143.exe
    File size:2.77MB (2,906,880 bytes)
    Requirements:Windows 2000 / XP / 2003 / Vista / Windows7 / XP64 / Vista64 / Windows7 64
    Languages:Multiple languages
    License:Freeware
    Date added:July 12, 2012
    Author:Piriform
    www.piriform.com
    www.piriform.com/recuva
    Homepage:www.piriform.com/recuva
    MD5 Checksum:FE3CC58ADBB9C041B8B90027C1FEFF7E
    Download
    Latest Version

    2.77MB

Kamis, 12 Juli 2012

Interview with Aitor Calero of Directo al Paladar

Aitor Calero writes for the popular Spanish cooking and nutrition blog, Directo al Paladar ("straight to the palate"). We did a written interview a while back, and he agreed to let me post the English version on my blog. The Spanish version is here and here.

Without further ado, here it is:

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Minggu, 08 Juli 2012

Understanding About Cardiovascular Translational Research

The incidence of death a result of cardiovascular diseases decreased rather extensively in the last several years. This is learned from medical enquiry and updates conducted by professional researchers recently. A portion of the findings included lifespan statistics among those that have heart ailments. This remarkable advancement might be credited to medical progress backed up by notable landmarks inside a new field of cardiovascular translational research.
What to prepare for with this Milestone
Modern methods of translational research just for this particular area are now being applied by research institutions. The latest focus is always to examine animal prototypes with regard to the element of human cardiovascular diseases. High-tech software and hardware programs are included in cardiovascular translational research to observe matters linked to such illnesses.
The method of Translational Research
This new branch of research necessitates the assimilation of essential scientific and experimental research. Furthermore, it needs ingenuity including a plethora of resources aren't usually accessible in a noticeable clinical or laboratory environment. This tells the regardless research format should not be undertaken unless institutions involved have a chance to perform clinical investigations. Academic entities and medical institutions tasked to execute translational research. Small colleges do not need the wide ranging to execute this complex exercise. These organizations are fully furnished with laboratory facilities and hire experienced researchers to take care of these requirements and fulfil their tasks.
The revolutionary notion of cardiovascular translational research might be rationalized in different ways by scientific experts. The perception might be that this goal of translational research is to raise the areas of patient care. The distinguishing aspect of this type of studies is a direct result of various developments.
It truly is regarded as being an incredible method and plausible therapeutic target in a speculative or foremost research setting. A drugs or machine is formulated together with the approach. It can be later validated inside clinical setting and launched in medical practice. This idea remains appropriate. Nonetheless, nowadays, many experts have exposed to escalating pressure. The roll-out of drugs and substantiation during clinical experiments are usually costly. In many cases, the actual required scientific benefits are yet to pass satisfactory requirements. One specific example could be the continuing development of the CETP or Cholesterylester transfer protein. I thought this was discontinued in past times when studies disclosed unwarranted mortality rates one of several treatment group achieving a mix of medication along with the study drug. The enthusiasm of this marketplace for taking risks proceeded to go down. Under this recognized methodology, the primary players come to mind to prove the efficacy of cardiovascular translational research.
High-frequency ultrasound is an fantastic software for implementing essential investigation to Cardiovascular Translational Research and other disease. To find out more pertaining to Cardiovascular Translational Research, feel free checking out VisualSonics website.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Terry_R_Dancer

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/7010227

How To Look For Early Lung Cancer Symptoms

With an awareness of Lung Cancer rising amongst the western world population and many new initiatives been driven forward to reduce the risk of cancers as a whole, it is understandable that many people (whether they are, have been or haven't smoked) are increasingly worried about ailments and illnesses that may indicate a potential risk of this type of Cancer. Early Lung Cancer symptoms can manifest themselves in a variety of ways, so to the untrained eye, it is entirely possible to go unnoticed or even recognised as something else completely.
We know from medical advances that as with all types of cancer, Lung Cancer carries a much greater probability of a successful and speedy recovery if it caught and diagnosed at an early stage. This is why it is so crucial to be aware of the symptoms that are associated with first having developed the disease. Recent statistics have suggested that those sufferers who identify and seek appropriate treatment in the early stages, can look to have between 60-80% survivability rate, while the figures decrease drastically to approximately 10% for those who are diagnosed in the late stages. So with that in mind, the importance of identifying early lung cancer symptoms as soon as possible is crucial. Here's what you need to look for:
Coughing - While this is one of the primary signs of early lung cancer, it is in the same instance, a very common occurrence caused by a multitude of conditions from a simple cold, to an irritation, to an allergy, to more serious conditions such as lung cancer. For that very reason it's always worth keeping in mind that the presence of a cough does not automatically mean a cause for concern.
Shortness of breath or Lethargy - Another commonly occurring early symptom is a shortness of breath when undertaking activities that you would not have normally struggled with. Even normal household chores such as hoovering or window cleaning can leave early stage sufferers breathless and finding it difficult to get air. This can be exclusive or even coupled with a general feeling of lethargy. Tiredness throughout the day can be explained by a number of other factors such as age or physical activity but it is worth remembering that this is an early stage sign and one worth looking for.
Pains or aches throughout your upper torso - This is a symptom more specific to lung cancer and can help you to identify a problem early on. As lung cancers develop they can cause pain in nerves surrounding the affected areas. This can result in pains through your chest, back, shoulders or arms. It may, of course, be muscular in origin, but remember that if it does not subside in a day or two, it is worth approaching a medical professional with your concerns.
This article by no means covers the entire spectrum of early lung cancer symptoms but does give you an idea of some of the more common symptoms that may be present at the early stages of the disease. As with all health related concerns it's absolutely crucial to ensure any concerns are relayed to a qualified medical practitioner who can arrange for the necessary tests to be carried out for a proper diagnosis.
Royal Brompton Hospital is one of the world's leading heart and lung centres, renowned for its expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. If you're looking for more information about early lung cancer symptoms visit us today.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Gary_Bunn

The Natural Way To Prevent Or Recover From Cancer

Sick people everywhere. According to studies made, - in the 60 - 70s, one in 3,000 could become sick with some form of cancer. Now it is one in three. What happened? A U.N. study on Longevity shows Japan in #1 position, Spain #6, Canada #11, Cuba #37 and the USA #38. What happened?
Dr. Theodore A. Baroody, in his book, "Alkalize or Die", states that the world is facing the largest health crisis in recorded history. We have become acidic from the air we breathe, the processed food we eat, the fertilizers and pesticides we use to grow our fruits and vegetables, the artificially fattened chicken, cows and hogs, the sodas we drink and many other factors.
A predominantly vegetable and less meat diet, sufficient exercise and enough sleep is not enough. Considering that we are made up of over 70% water or fluids, we need to consider the kind of water we drink. Medical talk shows, take up all parts of our anatomy, but I really have not heard any medical personality talk about the "right" kind of water. It would seem that water is water. Three years ago, I found out that there are very different kinds of water.
The Solution.
Bottled water is not the answer. They are acidic. What we need is Ionized Alkaline water. Why? Ionized water uses a process called electrolysis, whereby tap water is fed into a kitchen-top portable machine which first filters the water and then passes the water through at least seven (7) - 5 x 7 inches of 99% pure Titanium plates which are micro-plated with 99% pure Platinum. These are wired to 230 watts of continuous power.
The process of passing water of the seven plates which is electrically charged with 230 watts of electricity, - splits the water into the Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Aging, Alkaline part and the Acidic part. The Anti-Oxidant water is the key to our being able to stay healthy or to prevent the recurrence of cancer!
How do we do that? Simple. We drink 8 - 10 glass of the Anti-Oxidant Ionize water. This split water goes after the free radicals in our system.
The Anti-Oxidant water (split water) donates an electron to the free radical and it calms down the free radicals and stops it from wrecking havoc to the cells of our body. The Ionized Alkaline water also keeps the cells in our prostate, colon, pancreas, breast of women and elsewhere from evolving into bacteria, fungi, yeast and even cancer cells. We call this the PREVENTION of disease including cancer from getting a foothold in our system!
REMISSION/Recovery: In the event a person is a Cancer Survivor, the Ionized Alkaline water is said to de-evolve the cancerous cells in his/her body into its original healthy state. See Robert O. Young, PhD book, "The pH Miracle". It is an eye-opening book. We call this event, cancer went on remission.
My Experience.
In 2009, I was introduced to the concepts of Wellness by a close friend who lives in Houston. I had no health issues then and now, thank God, but I listened to him without rolling my eyes. To make a long story short, I then understood what alkaline water is all about. I discovered that tap water is even healthier than the acidic bottled water. We tested it with pH drops.
I then invested in my first alkaline water producing device which was manufactured by a 35 year old Japanese Company. (This device produces Alkaline water, but does not split the water).
Then, seven months ago, I learned of the Ionized Alkaline Water producing machine which splits the water as described earlier. My eyes opened wide and immediately recognized the merits of the Anti Oxidant, Anti Aging properties. I acquired a unit much like a health insurance policy for my family and myself.
The machine is manufactured by a 38 year old Japanese Company. All parts are manufactured in-house and there are over 400,000 users of the machine worldwide.
Cancer Survivors
I was catching up with the Twitter postings of my group last night and thought about searching for "cancer survivors". A good number of names and even a YouTube of two survivors came up. I read through their brief bio and it was heart wrenching.
My advice to cancer survivors, which includes me, is - drink the Ionized Alkaline water to stay in remission. I invested in the machine (model SD501) as insurance to prevent the recurrence of cancer in my body.
I had prostate cancer in 2001. I want to keep the cells in my body swimming in Ionized Alkaline water. Dr. Robert O. Young, PhD, in his book, "The pH Miracle" states that diseases cannot thrive or live in an alkaline environment. Disease thrive in acidic systems.
My conclusion is that - if I keep the fluid in my system Alkaline, then the healthy cells in my body will not evolve to bacteria, fungi, yeast or worst, cancer cells. And as Dr. Young states, in an alkaline environment, the cancer cells will de-evolve into its original healthy state.
I invested in my first alkaline water producing device three years ago. The second Ionized Alkaline Water producing machine, I acquired seven months ago. I am a prostate cancer survivor and therefore maybe more motivated than others.
I want you to be able to make an intelligent decision as to whether to invest in a machine model SD501 or not. If you search in the web, you will find many companies and models. I have checked the specs and company reliability and decided on the model SD501 of Enagic Company, a 38 year old company.
I chose the model SD501 which is manufactured in-house by Enagic Company of Japan. There are over 400,000 units in use worldwide.
Please note that I am not selling above item to you. All I did was tell you my story. It will be up to you and your spouse to decide whether to invest in your health or not.
Please check http://www.phlifewater.com & http://www.phlifewater.info.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Manny__Bermas

7 Lifestyle Changes That Can Assist Your Body's Natural Defenses to Keep Cancer at Bay

The General Consensus is you cannot do anything to prevent cancer, but new research suggest about 330,000 cancer cases each year in the US can be prevented, if we did 7 things, to build our bodies Natural defenses.
The lifestyle changes suggested here may be effective in lowering the risk of breast, colon and stomach cancers.
Lifestyle Tip 1C Eat a Healthy Diet
a. Choose food from the basic four food groups, for example at each meal have a fruit (banana or apple)
b. Vegetable (broccoli, carrots)
c. Whole grains( whole wheat bread, brown rice)
d. Dairy (glass of milk or yogurt).
Lifestyle Tip 2: Get Regular Exercise
Research has shown exercising 3 times a week, it could be as simple as a brisk 30 minute walk that can help reduce your cancer risk.
Lifestyle 3: Limit Red Meat
Choose fresh fish, like salmon, cod and have chicken instead of red beef, pork or lamb.
Lifestyle Tip 4: Avoid sugary drinks and Fats
By limiting soda and certain types of fruit juices. Always check label for sugar content. Be careful of your consumption of fried foods for example French and anything that is fried in general.
Lifestyle Tip 5: Limit use of Salt
Many foods have high sodium content; limit your intake of processed meats (deli meats), canned soups. Choose the one that are low in sodium like reduced sodium ham and canned soups.
Lifestyle Tip 6: Limit alcohol Intake
The American Cancer society suggest that people who drink alcohol should limit themselves to 2 drinks per day for a male and 1 drink per day for a female.
Lifestyle Tip 7: Stop Smoking
It is well known that smoke can cause cancer. If you are a smoker try to quit by enrolling in a smoking cessation program, they are offered in many communities and health insurance plans.
One of the best ways to prevent cancer is by combining a healthy lifestyle with the appropriate screening exams, to spot cancer early when it is easier to treat.
Hope this article was helpful to you.
This article by no means covers the entire spectrum of cancer but does give you a general idea of some of the more common sense things that you can do to help you stay healthy and live a long life. As with all health related concerns it's absolutely necessary to ensure any concerns is addressed with your health care provider.
Lorraine is a registered Pharmacist State Board Certified. We love to bring you information on Your Health Concerns, please visit us at PharmPro LLC at http://www.pharmproamerica.com
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Lorraine_Charles

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/7036754

Rabu, 04 Juli 2012

CPU-Z 1.61

CPU-Z adalah utilitas freeware yang mengumpulkan informasi mengenai beberapa perangkat utama dari sistem anda. CPU-Z tidak perlu diinstal, cukup unzip file dalam direktori dan jalankan exe.. Untuk menghapus program, hanya menghapus file. Program ini tidak menyalin setiap berkas dalam direktori Windows, atau menulis ke registri.

CPU

     * Nama dan nomor.
     * Core melangkah dan proses.
     * Paket.
     * Tegangan Core.
     * Internal dan eksternal clocks, clock multiplier.
     * Didukung instruksi set.
     * Semua tingkat cache (lokasi, ukuran, kecepatan, teknologi).

mainboard

     * Vendor, model dan revisi.
     * BIOS model dan tanggal.
     * Chipset (Northbridge dan Southbridge) dan sensor.
     * Grafis antarmuka.

ingatan

     * Frekuensi dan timing.
     * Modul (s) spesifikasi menggunakan SPD (Serial Presence Detect): vendor, nomor seri, timing meja.

sistem

     * Windows dan versi DirectX.
Title:CPU-Z 1.61
Filename:cpu-z_1.61-setup-en.exe
File size:4.20MB (4,402,576 bytes)
Requirements:Windows (All Versions)
Languages:en-US
License:Freeware
Date added:July 4, 2012
Author:CPUID
www.cpuid.com
www.cpuid.com/cpuz.php
Homepage:www.cpuid.com/cpuz.php
MD5 Checksum:06A0BC75C1242AAC82F56AD2F14F7709
Download from : Filehipo.com

Minggu, 01 Juli 2012

Why Did Energy Expenditure Differ Between Diets in the Recent Study by Dr. Ludwig's Group?

As discussed in the previous post, a recent study by Dr. David Ludwig's group suggested that during weight maintenance following fat loss, eating a very low carbohydrate (VLC) diet led to a higher metabolic rate (energy expenditure) than eating a low-fat (LF) diet, with a low glycemic index (LGI) diet falling in between the two (1). The VLC diet was 30 percent protein, while the other two were 20 percent. It's important to note that these were three dietary patterns that differed in many ways, and contrary to claims that are being made in the popular media, the study was not designed to isolate the specific influence of protein, carbohydrate or fat on energy expenditure in this context.

Not only did the VLC diet lead to a higher total energy expenditure than the LF and LGI diets, the most remarkable finding is that it led to a higher resting energy expenditure. Basically, people on the VLC diet woke up in the morning burning more energy than people on the LGI diet, and people on the LGI diet woke up burning more than people on the LF diet. The VLC dieters burned 326 more calories than the LF dieters, and 200 more than the LGI dieters.

It's always tempting to view each new study in isolation, without considering the numerous studies that came before it, but in this case it's essential to see this study through a skeptical lens that places it into the proper scientific context. Previous studies have suggested that:
  1. The carbohydrate:fat ratio of the diet has little or no detectable impact on energy expenditure in people who are not trying to lose weight (2, 3).
  2. The carbohydrate:fat ratio of the diet has little or no detectable impact on energy expenditure in people who are being experimentally overfed, and if anything carbohydrate increases energy expenditure more than fat (4, 5).
  3. The carbohydrate:fat ratio of the diet has little or no detectable impact on energy expenditure during weight loss (6, 7, 8), and does not influence the rate of fat loss when calories are precisely controlled.
This new study does not erase or invalidate any of these previous findings. It fills a knowledge gap about the effect of diet composition on energy expenditure specifically in people who have lost weight and are trying to maintain the reduced weight.

With that, let's see what could have accounted for the differences observed in Dr. Ludwig's study.
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